Antimicrobial resistance and prior antimicrobial therapy

There is strong evidence that prior antimicrobial therapy is related to infection with bacteria that are resistant to  antimicrobial therapy.

Evidence that prior antimicrobial treatment is related to antimicrobial resistance
In 1996, an observational study of 941 French school children was done by Guillernot et al. that examined S. pneumoniae carriage and antibiotic use in the previous 30 days.

Evidence that duration of antimicrobial treatment is related to resistance among those who have received prior antimicrobial therapy
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Evidence that the number of courses of antimicrobial treatment is related to resistance among those who have received prior antimicrobial therapy
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Evidence that the amount of time between infection and prior antimicrobial therapy is related to antimicrobial resistance among those who have received prior antimicrobial therapy
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